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1994-05-02
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<text>
<title>
Secretary Baker Salutes Salvadoran Peace Agreement
</title>
<article>
<hdr>
Foreign Policy Bulletin, January-April 1992
Secretary Baker Salutes Salvadoran Peace Agreement
</hdr>
<body>
<p>Secretary Baker's address to the Salvadoran National Assembly,
San Salvador, January 17, 1992.
</p>
<p> It is a special honor to speak to you, the leaders of El
Salvador, and through you to the people of this great nation,
on this, your first day of peace in more than a decade.
</p>
<p> Yesterday, in Mexico City, I was honored to stand with your
President to witness the signing of the historic accords that
ended El Salvador's long and bloody conflict. But I believe the
true meaning of those accords can only be understood here in El
Salvador on the faces of the Salvadoran people.
</p>
<p> Here, I see relief, joy, perhaps a little apprehension, but
most of all hope--hope for the new possibilities peace can
bring to all Salvadorans. I am here today to tell you on behalf
of President Bush: We in the United States share your joy--and your sense of relief. We understand your apprehensions. Most
of all, we and, I believe, the entire democratic community,
will stand with you to help build that new, more hopeful future.
</p>
<p>Shared Credit Achieving Peace
</p>
<p> The peace we celebrate today was won through the struggle
and sacrifice of many Salvadorans whose names may not be known
but whose contribution will long be remembered: the citizens
from every walk of life who defied threats of death and violence
to stand in voting lines through seven national elections; the
workers, businessmen, and farmers whose will to produce could
not be defeated by the destruction of war; the soldiers of the
Salvadoran armed forces who died to defend freedom and the
families who mourned them; the mayors who, despite threats and
assassinations, labored to bring electricity or safe drinking
water to remote villages and towns; the political leaders, and
their supporters, who never left the democratic struggle, even
after the election fraud of 1972; and finally those who had the
courage to return from exile to El Salvador and reenter the
democratic competition, even though they had to wear
bulletproof vests beneath their guayaberas. Tribute is due also
to the negotiating teams from both sides who persevered until
they hammered out a just and honorable agreement.
</p>
<p> The National Assembly, many of whose leaders and members are
here today, deserves enormous credit. The Assembly's speedy
action in ratifying the constitutional reforms hammered out in
Mexico City last April helped create the confidence and
momentum that steadily moved the process toward the peace we
celebrate today. The spirit of tolerance, cooperation, and
compromise that has emerged in the National Assembly has helped
by offering proof that national reconciliation is possible.
</p>
<p> But one man deserves special recognition today--the man
who took his oath as your President on June 1, 1989. In his
inaugural address, President Cristiani declared, "We have the
historic obligation to end the war, and we will do so through
means provided by democracy itself."
</p>
<p> Now, thirty months later, through perseverance, vision, and
will, President Cristiani has fulfilled that "historic
obligation." On Behalf of President Bush and the Government of
the United States, I salute your President, the hero of the
Salvadoran peace accords, Alfredo Cristiani.
</p>
<p> President Cristiani described this moment best when he
addressed your nation following his return from the historic
final meeting in New York. He said, "We should not see it as
the end of the conflict. We should see it as the beginning of
the process of consolidating peace and democracy, respect for
human rights and national reconciliation."
</p>
<p>Consolidating Peace and Democracy
</p>
<p> The Process of consolidating peace and democracy, respect
for human rights and national reconciliation will be (as you
know well) as challenging and complicated as the process of
defending democracy and negotiating a final agreement. But I
believe El Salvador begins this new era with real reason for
hope.
</p>
<p> We are hopeful because the peace accords clearly enjoy the
broad support of both the Salvadoran people and of the
international community. Let no one doubt where the Government
of the United States stands: We fully support these accords--not as a necessary evil to end a bitter conflict but because we
believe the reforms that have been negotiated in the judicial
system, the electoral system, the armed forces, and the police
will, as President Cristiani said, strengthen El Salvador's
democratic institutions, enlarge the scope of human rights, and
promote national reconciliation.
</p>
<p> The international community, which played such an important
role in helping end the war, now has a responsibility to help
secure the peace.
</p>
<p> Too often, nations lose interest in a region when a conflict
has ended and is no longer capturing the headlines. The
international community must not make that mistake in El
Salvador, and I do not believe it will. Let me pledge to you
that we will work with the United Nations, and the democratic
community of nations, to help mobilize political support and
resources in order to help translate the hopeful promises of
the Salvadoran peace accords into an enduring reality.
</p>
<p> But ultimately, the success or failure of peace will depend
on the people of El Salvador. The negotiations succeeded
because Salvadorans, who for too many years communicated with
bullets, rockets, and bombs, finally concluded that the only way
to settle their differences--and save their country--is
through dialogue, negotiation, and compromise.
</p>
<p>The Reconciliation of Former Enemies
</p>
<p> That dialogue must continue. For the fears that separated
Salvadorans through a decade of war will not be dissolved
overnight. Instead, former enemies must now build bridges of
trust and confidence, brick by brick, and day by day.
</p>
<p> That will not be easy. But as an American, I know it can be
done. The United States, too, was once consumed by a long and
bitter civil war. Like this conflict has been for you, it was
the bloodiest in our history. Yet with peace and over time, we
were able to bind up the wounds of war, confront historic
injustices, and forge a stronger, more democratic, more just
society. Despite the dangers and the difficulties, I am
confident the citizens of your country can and will do the same.
</p>
<p> Fortunately, there is a blueprint to guide you through this
process--the peace accords themselves. Both sides to the
conflict have pledged to uphold the accords. Both sides must
honor those commitments to build trust and lasting peace.
</p>
<p> The leaders of the FMLN [Farabundo Marti National Liberation
Front] have said they are counting on the international
community to help oversee and guarantee the provisions of the
peace accords. The international community through the United
Nations (including the United States) has accepted that
responsibility. But the FMLN must understand that its authority
to call on others to carry out the accords will depend on the
FMLN's own track record in meeting its obligations, too.
</p>
<p> For let us be frank. There are some Salvadorans, with
memories of guerrilla war and violent political struggle, who
fear that the peace accords are an enormous trap--a political
Trojan horse--that will allow the FMLN to reenter civil
society only to return to the violent and destabilizing politics
of the past. It is essential that the FMLN demonstrate by its
actions and its words that these skeptics are wrong. The sooner
its army converts into a peaceful political force, the faster
the important work of national reconstruction and reform can go
forward.
</p>
<p> It is equally important to recognize that former guerrilla
combatants and their supporters, who now seek to enter the
democratic process, have their own memories